Management of Café Zeytin

Client division Zeytin is a Turkish cafã © and café which is situated on 285 Church Street in Parramatta (Discover Parramatta 2011). The bistro and eatery predominantly serves Turkish food that incorporates plunges, courses, chicken, meat dishes and fish. Other than the food, the café likewise serves shisha and liquor. Zeytin offers reasonable and broad dinners to its customers.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management of Cafã © Zeytin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, a few perceptions have been made on the client division and the client care administration of the Zeytin eatery that the café has neglected to make extraordinary walks in these territories. The current report is an endeavor to investigate the perceptions giving the impacts it has and what is expected to guarantee that its incomes are amplified. Client care The Zeytin café serves conventional Turkish nourishments and liquor and this has seen it draw in a wide scope of Arabic and Turkish clients. The region is encircled by the Arabs who are partial to the customary food. Accordingly, this presents the eatery with a chance to open up more cafés in the zone to cook for this gathering of shoppers. This could expand the incomes of the café. Then again, the client care isn't excessively alluring. According to the perceptions, the servers and servers have little information on the food accessible in the café as they need to check with the cooks first. Absence of the necessary data caused them to seem amateurish. Administrations offered in the café were conflicting as the time that slipped by among request and conveyance was long. They served wrong refreshments and didn't show a touch of client care administration morals and kindness. Poor client support has the limit of diminishing the profits and expanding the expenses to an association (Price David 2008). It likewise has the limit of fending clients off which contrarily influences t he income (Phillips 2005). This can be forestalled through appropriate client care administrations which guarantee that the incomes of the eatery are improved. Proposals Based on the perceptions, the division and client assistance in the café isn't efficient and could influence the income. This will in the long run increment the benefits of the café. Client care can be improved through preparing of the workers on satisfying the customers’ fulfillment and their desires (Leland Bailey 2006). This would hold and draw in more clients to the restaurant.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They likewise should be prepared in administration the board in order to expand their emphasis on the clients (Leland Bailey 2006). Client support ought to be accommodative, time cognizant, proficient and polite to the clients. Better client support decreases costs; increment the estimation of the brand, and lifts incomes (Price David 2008). Client division includes a wide scope of range wherein the clients are gathered to keep up them and increment the piece of the overall industry (Philips 2005). In view of the perceptions, the eatery has possible clients. It can improve its sections to suit increasingly Arabic clients in this way improving incomes through the augmentation of benefits. The café can open new inns to oblige the Arabs in this manner expanding incomes. The lodging needs to suit the proposed suggestion on the client assistance and market division. This would diminish the employable expenses and increment the incomes of the eatery. It would likewise expand client faithfulness and increment piece of the overall industry in this way improving the incomes. References Discover Parramatta 2011, ZEYTIN Turkish Cafe Restaurant. Web. Leland, K Bailey K 2006, Customer Service for Dummies. third ed. Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. Phillips, R 2005, Pricing and Rev enue Optimization. Stanford Business Books, Stanford.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management of Cafã © Zeytin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Price, B David, J. 2008, The Best Service is no Service: How to Liberate Your Customers from Customer Service, Keep Them Happy, and Control Costs. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. This report on Management of Cafã © Zeytin was composed and presented by client Casey Carter to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

The Logistics Strategy For Brewery Industry Commerce Essay

The Logistics Strategy For Brewery Industry Commerce Essay There was an overview on dissemination costs by organization of Logistics and Distribution Management in 1992. In this review, it was recorded that half of the circulation costs are happened in food and tobacco industry and consequently a cautious arranging is required to control these costs (Institute of Logistics and Distribution Management, 1991/92). These expenses can be constrained by powerful coordinations the board and coordinations procedure. Most definitely, a ton of appropriation costs are caused in transportation and coordinations and to be a feasible concern the bottling works industry needs to actualize a solid coordinations technique to beat this issue. In our conversation, we will attempt to examine the fundamental steering issues and vehicle planning and afterward we will attempt to structure a solid coordinations technique to conquer this issue. Bottling works Industry in UK is not any more a bit of cake now. The market is presently immersed and to be an effective market pioneer a bottling works organization needs to cut down its expenses. The fundamental steering issue which a bottling works industry faces is Selecting the most ideal way or course accessible to convey merchandise to the last purchasers. The essential booking issue is Selecting the best time accessible to arrive at target clients. These issues are brought about at whatever point there will be there is an unpredictability in the promoting channel arrangement of an association. The more unpredictable the framework, the more confounded the directing and booking issues in the coordinations the executives. In our conversation underneath, we will attempt to audit the systems followed by a bottling works industry and will make an endeavor to suggest a substantial coordinations procedure with regards to UK Market. Investigation of a UK based brewerys current vital situation from a coordinations point of view and Critical appraisal of accessible chances to create existing coordinations abilities. An Example of Scottish and New Castle plc: Scottish and New Castle plc is one of the biggest UK based bottling works gatherings. This gathering appreciates a solid monetary back in addition to a pie of monster deals in the UK. The organization has very much characterized advertise coordinations frameworks and can without much of a stretch have a serious edge because of its orderly and expert activities. The Companys primary operational parameters are: First the requests from the clients are gathered on a telesales framework which is additionally automated. At that point orders are physically punched to the companys principle database and further screening is done over yonder, for example, credit cutoff points and stocks accessible. Crisis orders are just acknowledged in the wake of assessing the request lead time for better client assistance. They utilize overwhelming merchandise vehicles to move the majority of products one after another. This methodology prompts lower costs and furthermore opportunity cost of time. In the event of client asserts an appropriate back pulling system is there to conquer the issue of client agitates and lower costs. The drivers and other group individuals are paid appropriately which are engaged with the dissemination procedure. Regardless of such an all around oversaw framework, there are a few issues which should be checked on and tended to deliberately. More Order to installment cycle Client Privacy The avenues in UK are for the most part one way. There are sure government guidelines regarding weight limits. Wrong size of request shipments is there The requirement for a superior automated and innovation the board framework. Drivers are severe to labor for 9 hours in spite of the way that it is an extreme activity. (Diminish G. Eibl, Roddy Mackenzie, David B. Kidner, 1994) We can survey these issues are openings which needs to address for a solid and faithful client base. It is critical to note here that business needs to concentrate on the client and ought to have a wide meaning of market for a solid and steadfast client base. The fundamental dangers to business issue and a wellspring of botched market chances is the frail spotlight on the client and rivalry. It is a propensity for the market heads to be solid and have a solid spotlight on showcase. These market heads don't just concentrate on fulfilling current purchaser needs yet in addition to see the requirements of clients which nobody is tending to. As an explanation, they appreciate a sound benefit and solid and steadfast client base (Roger J Best, 2008). Remembering the above perspectives, we can break down as a lager fabricating organization, we have to investigate the undiscovered part of the market and should need to execute such a coordinations methodology to defeat over issue. Note that this organization has an encounter of modernized vehicle directing and booking framework. From the outset the organization intended to utilize the modernized framework in 1970, yet because of less improvement in innovation and some different requirements it was hard to accomplish this goal. An underlying framework was grown yet it was hard for the organization to fulfill the needs of the client properly and the expense of innovation dropped in the British Market. This additionally prompted the open door Technological Advancement. The Scottish and New Castle effectively picked up advantage from this chance, embraced an automated coordinations the board framework and today is the mystery of its accomplishment in the UK Market (Peter G. Eibl, Roddy Mackenzie, David B. Kidner, 1994). In spite of all the above conditions, the organization appreciates a sound serious and key situation in the market and now we will see that how might we boost these chances to conquer the issue. Since now we are discussing the situation of 1991, the difficulties which a bottling works organization faces in UK condition are almost a similar today for instance they have to improve their coordinations for better client support and in this sense there is an open door for a fermenting organization to deliver this client need to through appropriate directing and planning for client comfort. As indicated by the most recent patterns in distillery industry: There is more development than previously Serious Turbulence Development of Local organizations contending the mammoths Additional Capacity and appropriate coordinations and stock administration are the drivers of achievement and market initiative Financial Conditions have hit the brew advertise There is another pattern of mergers and acquisitions. (Society of Independent Brewers, Local Brewing Industry Report, 2009) In the event that we break down the Scottish and New Castle plc regarding above patterns in bottling works industry then it is anything but difficult to track down that we need a viable coordinations the board framework to command over expenses. We have to completely execute the Systems Concept and Total Costs Concept for planning an effective coordinations methodology. All the above issues are really openings accessible in the market. Assessment of the key vital ways to deal with coordinations the board that could be utilized by a UK based bottling works: Key and Rational Logistics Planning for Scottish and New Castle plc: On account of Scottish and New Castle plc, a ton of vital arranging and strategic methodologies could be utilized for planning and solid coordinations methodology. A legitimate a suitable course arranging must be finished. Regarding longer courses some extraordinary motivating forces must be given to the drivers and the staff associated with coordinations and activities. Superfluous courses must be stayed away from to beat this issue on the grounds that the explanation behind that is they will cause costs higher. Utilizing various vehicles to move merchandise to clients likewise brings about pointless expenses. Utilizing appropriate vehicles to convey products at the accepting offices of buyers is a decent way to deal with control the expenses. It is additionally imperative to note here that the entirety of our strategies hover around costs. Just those coordinations system will be fruitful which will Diminish Costs Give Customer Convenience Stock Management Coordinated Order Processing. We will attempt to shape a coordinations the board technique in the accompanying situations: Satisfaction Management: As a matter of first importance we have to design about how to viably convey merchandise to the last purchasers. At that point we can choose about the best accessible alternatives, for example, trucks or little vans to convey merchandise to conclusive purchasers. To the extent UK is less shy of two way streets and the greater part of the streets are one way. Thusly we could utilize bigger trucks to convey merchandise and enterprises to definite buyers. Furthermore, It is imperative to dissect that would these transportation mediums will set aside us cash or not. Additional shipments and lower request sizes of Scottish and New Castle plc will naturally make additional weight purchasers. There ought to be a legitimate documentation and record keeping of transportation and circulation for future referencing and observing coordinations costs. An appropriate warehousing framework must be created to guarantee legitimate coordinations the board. For instance, the stockrooms must be situated at a spot close to the showcasing channels for fast transportation and expenses. Little request sizes and lopsided requests can destroy the circulation costs. A legitimate bundling strategy must be utilized to store lager bottles for appropriate use of room and appropriate dissemination of products. Flexibly Chain Management: Legitimate client care and stock arranging must be done in lager industry in light of the fact that the market is currently at its development with more contenders and modern clients. Some Master Production plans must be accomplished for coordinations the executives. Lager Industry in UK contains both value cognizant and quality cognizant clients in this way appropriate market division and situating is required by this bottling works organization. A large portion of the items bomb in advertise due to their gracefully. An open door for Scottish and New Castle is to make their items generally accessible for solid purchaser reaction. Viable converse coordinations framework can be created for better client care. Request Management: So as to adequately appropriate merchandise to conclusive customers a legitimate interest anticipating must be accomplished for financially savvy conveyance measures and choices. Some time bigger and over the top creation prompts additional expenses and are an extra

Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist

Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist Basics Print The Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 13, 2019 Rafal Rodzoch / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional with highly specialized training in the diagnosis and psychological treatment of mental, behavioral and emotional illnesses, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). What a Clinical Psychologist Does Clinical psychologists do not prescribe medications to treat mental illness. Rather, they use psychological techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoanalytic therapy. Clinical psychologists must usually complete a Ph.D. in clinical psychology before being able to see patients and utilize these techniques. However, in some states and provinces, a Master’s degree is sufficient. In most states and provinces, the professional activities of clinical psychologists are regulated by a licensing board and/or professional college. In addition to delivery of psychotherapy, psychologists may undertake a variety of activities, including psychological testing, research, and teaching. ABCP Basic Competencies The American Board of Clinical Psychology (ABCP) examination makes certain that board certification for clinical psychologists includes basic competencies in order to be able to practice, teach, or conduct research. These competencies include: Making and maintaining effective relationships with others, including clients, fellow practitioners, and the public. The clinical psychologist must also be fair, respectful, a clear communicator, and able to handle potentially difficult situations with understanding and diplomacy.Sensitivity to individual and cultural diversity and understanding how these factors affect who we are and how we think.An awareness of ethical and legal principles and employs them effectively.A professional attitude, values, and behaviors that are apparent in interactions with others.A continual practice of self-evaluation and always striving to improve treatment methods.An understanding of different scientific disciplines that relate to psychology and how they may impact treatment.Skill in collaborating with others from different disciplines and organizations, employing respect, appreciation, and communication.Keeping up with the latest research and identifying how it can improve clinical practice. Specific Skills Clinical psychologists have a whole host of specific skills that they employ in their work, including: Consulting with a variety of other behavioral and health professionals and organizations about violence, suicide, and severe mental distress.Understanding the broad expanse of mental health issues and how they may occur at any age.Assessing personality and standardized psychological test scores in order to be more effective in treating patients.Having extensive knowledge of mental illness and how to diagnose and treat it.Being able to perform research and collect data to enhance the understanding of clinical psychology. The Difference Between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist The biggest difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is that a psychiatrist is a medical doctor (MD) with a medical degree who can prescribe medications. A psychologist typically cannot. While psychologists also have a doctorate, it is not a medical doctorate. Psychiatrists go through a year of medical internship followed by three years of residency in treating and diagnosing mental illnesses. Psychologists usually do one to two years of internship after completing their degrees. Psychiatrist Medical Doctor (MD) Can prescribe medications May provide talk therapy Can diagnose psychological illness Board certification through the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Clinical Psychologist Masters degree or Ph.D. Cannot prescribe medications (with some exceptions) May diagnose psychological illness May conduct talk therapies Board certification through American Board of Clinical Psychology Differences Between Psychologists and a Psychiatrists Should You See a Psychologist or a Psychiatrist? One major difference between the two approaches is that while a psychologist will typically look at your behavior, a psychiatrist is more likely to look first at the biological factors behind your mental health problems. Whether you pick a psychologist or a psychiatrist may depend on several factors. Some psychiatrists only prescribe medication and do not do psychotherapy, so you may choose to see both a psychiatrist and a psychologist to get both medication and therapy. Many psychiatrists do both, however.

Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist

Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist Basics Print The Role and Training of a Clinical Psychologist By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 13, 2019 Rafal Rodzoch / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional with highly specialized training in the diagnosis and psychological treatment of mental, behavioral and emotional illnesses, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). What a Clinical Psychologist Does Clinical psychologists do not prescribe medications to treat mental illness. Rather, they use psychological techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoanalytic therapy. Clinical psychologists must usually complete a Ph.D. in clinical psychology before being able to see patients and utilize these techniques. However, in some states and provinces, a Master’s degree is sufficient. In most states and provinces, the professional activities of clinical psychologists are regulated by a licensing board and/or professional college. In addition to delivery of psychotherapy, psychologists may undertake a variety of activities, including psychological testing, research, and teaching. ABCP Basic Competencies The American Board of Clinical Psychology (ABCP) examination makes certain that board certification for clinical psychologists includes basic competencies in order to be able to practice, teach, or conduct research. These competencies include: Making and maintaining effective relationships with others, including clients, fellow practitioners, and the public. The clinical psychologist must also be fair, respectful, a clear communicator, and able to handle potentially difficult situations with understanding and diplomacy.Sensitivity to individual and cultural diversity and understanding how these factors affect who we are and how we think.An awareness of ethical and legal principles and employs them effectively.A professional attitude, values, and behaviors that are apparent in interactions with others.A continual practice of self-evaluation and always striving to improve treatment methods.An understanding of different scientific disciplines that relate to psychology and how they may impact treatment.Skill in collaborating with others from different disciplines and organizations, employing respect, appreciation, and communication.Keeping up with the latest research and identifying how it can improve clinical practice. Specific Skills Clinical psychologists have a whole host of specific skills that they employ in their work, including: Consulting with a variety of other behavioral and health professionals and organizations about violence, suicide, and severe mental distress.Understanding the broad expanse of mental health issues and how they may occur at any age.Assessing personality and standardized psychological test scores in order to be more effective in treating patients.Having extensive knowledge of mental illness and how to diagnose and treat it.Being able to perform research and collect data to enhance the understanding of clinical psychology. The Difference Between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist The biggest difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is that a psychiatrist is a medical doctor (MD) with a medical degree who can prescribe medications. A psychologist typically cannot. While psychologists also have a doctorate, it is not a medical doctorate. Psychiatrists go through a year of medical internship followed by three years of residency in treating and diagnosing mental illnesses. Psychologists usually do one to two years of internship after completing their degrees. Psychiatrist Medical Doctor (MD) Can prescribe medications May provide talk therapy Can diagnose psychological illness Board certification through the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Clinical Psychologist Masters degree or Ph.D. Cannot prescribe medications (with some exceptions) May diagnose psychological illness May conduct talk therapies Board certification through American Board of Clinical Psychology Differences Between Psychologists and a Psychiatrists Should You See a Psychologist or a Psychiatrist? One major difference between the two approaches is that while a psychologist will typically look at your behavior, a psychiatrist is more likely to look first at the biological factors behind your mental health problems. Whether you pick a psychologist or a psychiatrist may depend on several factors. Some psychiatrists only prescribe medication and do not do psychotherapy, so you may choose to see both a psychiatrist and a psychologist to get both medication and therapy. Many psychiatrists do both, however.

Top 6 Environmental Issues

Since around the 1970s, we have made great progress on the environmental front. Federal and state laws have led to greatly reduced air and water pollution. The Endangered Species Act has had notable successes protecting our most threatened biodiversity. Much work has to be done, however, and below is my list of the top environmental issues we are facing now in the United States. Climate Change While climate change has effects that vary by location, everyone is feeling it one way or another. Most ecosystems can probably adjust to climate change up to a point, but other stressors (like the other issues mentioned here) limit this adaptation ability, especially in places that have lost a number of species already. Particularly sensitive are mountain tops, prairie potholes, the Arctic, and coral reefs. I argue that climate change is the number one issue right now, as we all feel the more frequent extreme weather events, the earlier spring, melting ice, and rising seas. These changes will continue to get stronger, negatively affecting the ecosystems we and the rest of biodiversity rely on. Land Use Natural spaces provide habitat for wildlife, space for forests to produce oxygen, and wetlands to clean our freshwater. It allows us to hike, climb, hunt, fish, and camp. Natural spaces are also a finite resource. We continue to use land inefficiently, turning natural spaces into cornfields, natural gas fields, wind farms, roads, and subdivisions. Inappropriate or nonexistent land use planning continues to result in suburban sprawl supporting low-density housing. These changes in land use fragment the landscape, squeeze out wildlife, put valuable property right into wildfire-prone areas, and upset atmospheric carbon budgets. Energy Extraction and Transportation New technologies, higher energy prices, and a permissive regulatory environment have allowed in recent years for a significant expansion of energy development in North America. The development of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has created a boom in natural gas extraction in the northeast, particularly in the Marcellus and Utica shale deposits. This new expertise in shale drilling is also applied to shale oil reserves, for example in the Bakken formation of North Dakota. Similarly, tar sands in Canada have been exploited at much-accelerated rates in the last decade. All these fossil fuels have to be transported to refineries and markets through pipelines and over roads and rails. The extraction and transportation of fossil fuels imply environmental risks such as groundwater pollution, spills, and greenhouse gas emissions. The drill pads, pipelines, and mines fragment the landscape (see Land Use above), cutting up wildlife habitat. Renewable energies like wind and solar a re also booming and they have their own environmental issues, particularly when it comes to positioning these structures on the landscape. Improper placement can lead to significant mortality events for bats and birds, for example.  Ã‚   Chemical Pollution A very large number of synthetic chemicals enter our air, soil, and waterways. Major contributors are agriculture byproducts, industrial operations, and household chemicals. We know very little about the effects of thousands of these chemicals, let alone about their interactions. Of particular concern are endocrine disruptors. These chemicals come in a wide variety of sources, including pesticides, the breakdown of plastics, fire retardants. Endocrine disruptors interact with the endocrine system that regulates hormones in animals, including humans, causing a wide array of reproductive and developmental effects. Invasive Species Plant or animal species introduced to a new area are called non-native, or exotic, and when they rapidly colonize new areas, they are considered invasive. The prevalence of invasive species is correlated with our global trading activities: to more, we move cargo across the oceans, and we ourselves travel overseas, the more we carry back unwanted hitchhikers. From the multitude of plants and animals we bring over, many become invasive. Some can transform our forests (for example, the Asian longhorned beetle), or destroy urban trees that have been cooling our cities in the summer (like the emerald ash borer). The spiny water fleas, zebra mussels, Eurasian water-milfoil, and Asian carp disrupt our freshwater ecosystems, and countless weeds cost us billions in lost agricultural production. Environmental Justice While this one is not an environmental issue in itself, environmental justice dictates who feels these issues the most. Environmental justice is concerned with providing everyone, regardless of race, origin, or income, the ability to enjoy a healthy environment. We have a long history of unequal distribution of the burden posed by deteriorating environmental conditions. For a multitude of reasons, some groups are more likely than others to be in close proximity to a waste disposal facility, breathe polluted air, or be living on contaminated soil. In addition, fines levied for environmental law violations tend to be much less severe when the injured party is from minority groups.

Cause and Effect Essay on Eating Disorders - 1551 Words

The distinctions between eating disorders can be complex. While anorexia and bulimia may have some issues in common, other factors make them distinct. For parents, trying to understand the differences can be crucial. Early detection and proper treatment significantly improve the chances for a child to recover. Bulimia and anorexia are both very dangerous, and can be life threatening. Both are very common among teens and young adults. Eating disorders are becoming more familiar for this generation to feel accepted and in this society. Anorexia Nervosa is a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite. This disorder affects many women and a few men, some of whom go undiagnosed for years. Early diagnosis and treatment can†¦show more content†¦This is her story. When I was younger I thought women were supposed to be thin. It was probably because I was obsessed with princesses, Barbie dolls and my Mom; all of whom were slim. I was always quite skinny, so I didnt really worry about my body in a big way until I was a teenager. Thats when I got a lot curvier, and I thought it was the most terrible thing. I think my problem with body image was part of a bigger issue to do with low self-esteem. It doesnt help that our society is so preoccupied with weight loss and dieting. The real problems started when I decided to go on a diet in a bid to feel better about myself. Like a lot of people who develop eating disorders, Im a perfectionist, so the diet soon turned into a total obsession. I became completely obsessed with numbers and would spend all of my time calculating calories and grams of fat. Even when I was in lessons at school or having conversations with people Id be frantically working out how much I could eat, how much weight I could lose, and over what period of time. Id do the same sums repeatedly just in case I was getting them wrong. Id re-read nutrition labels that I knew off by heart, just in case food companies had introduced more calories. It completely took over my life and Id weigh myself several times a day. What I weighed completely dictated how I felt about my whole life. I used the scales not just to establish my weight, but also for measuring my self-worth. Quite early on myShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders and the Media941 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, â€Å"the body type portrayed in advertising as the ideals is possessed naturally by only 5% of American females.à ¢â‚¬  (â€Å"ANAD†) Body image has been a controversial theme because of the influence of the media. It is a widely known fact that eating disorder cases are on the rise. The concept of body image is a subjective matter. The common phrase, â€Å"Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder,† holds true meaning in this sense. One’sRead MoreThe Globalization Of Eating Disorders963 Words   |  4 PagesSoundness in the Globalization of Eating Disorders In her essay, â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders,† Susan Bordo informs her audience of the growing trends in eating disorders. Through her argument, Bordo illustrates the cruel identity of body-image distortion syndrome while she searches for a solution to the eating-disorder problem by looking to its birthplace in culture. Making use of several examples and scenarios, facts and statistics, and appeals to pathos and logos to construct her argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Globalization Of Eating Disorders 854 Words   |  4 Pages Eating Disorders In the essay â€Å"The Globalization of Eating Disorders† by Susan Bordo speaks about eating disorders. In society today appearance is a huge factor. Even though appearance has always been a major thing but now day’s people take it to the extreme when trying to have a certain body image. Now day’s people think beauty is whatever is on the outside, instead of the inside and the outside. Most people go on crazy strict diets, surgery and some go through starvation in order to becomeRead MoreAdd Cake, Subtract Self Esteem Analysis1263 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience on how this impossible standard affects women’s eating which leads to eating disorders and an unhealthy relationship with food. In â€Å"The Beauty Myth† written by Naomi Wolf, she describes the mental effects on women from a society that uses weight as a way to keep women submissive. Both of these essays discuss the negative effects on women due to the constant bombardment from society to be skinny. The difference between these essays are the way they deliver their messages. Knapp uses her ownRead MoreEating Disorders And Their Effects On Victims Of Them1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts someone suffering an eating disorder hear every second of a day. 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Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue allRead MoreEssay on A Deadly Disorder982 Words   |  4 PagesA Deadly Disorder Kidney failure, heart problems, spleen dysfunction, bone and muscle loss, and finally death; these are only a couple of the deadly effects associated with anorexia and bulimia. As Mim Udovitch states, â€Å"About one in 200 American women suffers from anorexia; two or three in 100 suffer from bulimia.† (Udovitch 557) Through the combined works of Mim Udovitch and Lisa D. Galynker, the message was made clear and both sides of eating disorders were argued. In A Secret Society of theRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreDevelopment of Eating Disorders1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthat such measures revolve around an individual’s eating habits thus leading to unhealthy disordered eating patterns. Eating disorders refer to abnormal eating habits characterised by excessive or insufficient intake of food and develop from a number of interrelated issues. Much of the research into eating disorders has focused particularly on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and its developmental causes. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterised by delusions of being overweightRead MoreA Research Study On Eating Disorders Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment in adolescence, there are various health issues that may transpire. This essay will focus primarily on how eating disorders affect both genders, predominantly in Western societies. The term à ¢â‚¬Ëœeating disorder’ is a very comprehensive term, which is further broken down into categories. The content of this essay will cover three of these categories; including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Additionally discussed are the benefits of psychodynamic theory and cognitive

The Health Care System As A Whole - 951 Words

Describe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number of people with substances dependency in 2013 is 21.6 million. The figure has been fluctuating between 20.6million to 22.7 million from 2002 to 2012(National Survey on Drug use and Health 2013) Adolescent who use drugs are more likely to engage in unprotected sex and have unwanted pregnancies. The Affordable Care Act made health care accessible for substance abuse patient, sometimes all the coat is not covered. People without insurance will not seek for help because of healthcare cost. Explain program goals /interventions The goal of the National Drug Control Strategy includes to reduce the use of illicit drug in America. Decrease the 30 days prevalence of drugs among 12 to 17 years by 15 %. Reduce the lifetime prevalence of eight grades with drugs, alcohol or tobacco use to 15%. Decrease the number of chronic drug users to 15%. Another goal is to improve the health and safety of Americans by reducing the effects of drug use. (Healthy People 2020). A lot of programs have been set upShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care System Of The United States As A Whole Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthe health care system in the United States as a whole. 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Youve Got Mail and Shop Around the Corner free essay sample

A comparison of the two movies, Youve Got Mail and Shop Around the Corner, which are the original and remake of the same cinematic plot. This paper conducts a semiotic analysis of the two movies, Youve Got Mail and Shop Around the Corner. The author finds that the main plots movies are similar, but there are important differences wit in the cinematography, themes and characterization. The paper highlights the differences and then proves why the older version was far more appealing than the newer one. Youve Got Mail is the remake of 1940 classic Shop Around the Corner. While the main plot is the same there are certain semiotic differences, which should be studied closely in order to see which version is the better one. I have seen both movies and liked the original version better not only because of it being a classic but also because there are certain important features which puts the older version a lot more above the 1990s remake. We will write a custom essay sample on Youve Got Mail and Shop Around the Corner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Killer Whales Scientific Classification Order & Genus Essays

Killer Whales Scientific Classification: Order & Genus Killer Whales Scientific Classification: Order & Genus. The scientific order of all types of whales is Cetacea. This large order is broken down into three further groups as well: the toothed whales or Odontoceti, which includes killer whales, dolphins, porpoises, beluga whales, and sperm whales, the baleen whales or Mysticeti, which include blue whales, humpback whales, gray whales, and right whales, and the Archaeoceti order, which are all now extinct. The genus of these species is Orcinus orca. Family. The killer whale is the largest in its family of delphinid. Bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, and Pacific white-sided dolphins are included in this group as well. The scientific name for this family is Delphinidae. Fossil Record. Modern forms of both odontocetes and mysticetes can be seen in the fossil record of five to seven million years ago. Scientists believe that early whales arose about fifty-five to sixty-five million years ago from, now extinct, ancient land mammals that happened to venture back into the sea. Habitat And Distribution: Distribution. Killer whales can be found in all oceans of the world. They are the most numerous in the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic. However, their distribution is limited by seasonal pack ice. Habitat. The main living environment for killer whales is open oceans but they can also be found in coastal waters as well. Migration. Killer whales are very important in the oceans because they cause much of the migration of many fish and other prey. The movements of the killer whale to and from certain areas cause the other prey to move as well. Population. The worldwide population of killer whales is unknown, however they are not endangered whatsoever. Specific populations in a few areas have been estimated in recent years and some areas of the Antarctic alone have about 180,000 killer whales. The population can be distinguished because killer whales travel in pods, or groups. The resident pods can vary from as few as five to as many as fifty whales. The transient pod size varies from one and seven individuals. Physical Characteristics: Size. Male killer whales average about twenty-two to twenty-seven feet and usually weigh between 8,000 and 12,000 pounds. The largest male ever recorded was thirty-two feet and weighed about 21,000 pounds. As a male approaches adulthood, it acquires the typical male characteristics: it gains weight, and its pectoral flippers, dorsal fin, and flukes grow larger than those of females. Female killer whales average about seventeen to twenty-four feet and usually weigh between 3,000 and 8,000 pounds. The largest female recorded was twenty-eight feet and weight about 15,000 pounds. Body Shape. The killer whale has a sleek, streamlined body. Its physical characteristics are adapted for life in an aquatic environment. Coloration. Killer whales are easily recognized by their distinct coloration. The dorsal surface and pectoral flippers are black, except for the area below and behind the dorsal fin. The ventral surface, lower jaw, and undersides of the tail flukes are mostly white and the undersides of the tail fluke are lined with black. A white eyespot is located just above and slightly behind each eye and a gray saddle is located behind the dorsal fin. The distinctive coloration of killer whales is a type of disruptive coloration, a camouflage in which the color pattern of an animal contradicts the animal's body shape. By the flickering, filtered sunlight of the sea, other animals may not recognize a killer whale as a potential predator. Thus, making it easy for the killer whale to get to its prey. Body Parts. A killer whale has distinct pectoral flippers, or forelimbs. They have the major skeletal elements of the forelimb's of land mammals, but they are foreshortened and modified. They are rounded and paddle-like and are used mainly to steer and, with the help of the flukes, to stop. The flukes are the lobe of the tail on a killer whale. They are flattened pads of tough, dense, fibrous connective tissue, completely without bone. A large male killer whale may have tail flukes measuring up to nine feet from tip to tip. All traces of hind limbs have disappeared except for two reduced, rod- shaped pelvic bones, which are buried deep in the body muscle. These reduced hind limbs are not connected to the vertebral column however. The dorsal

Free Essays on Knightly View

that express yet another refined deed of his knight; by this he recognized the groups’ unity even though they were among different social classes and addresses everyone in his farewell. The knight never boasted about himself nor his battles â€Å"in far Granada at the siege [was he] of Algercias, and in Belmarie. ... Free Essays on Knightly View Free Essays on Knightly View In Geoffrey Chaucer’s medieval poem, The Canterbury Tales, the knight is the first pilgrim described in the General Prologue and the first to proclaim his tale. The Knight’s Tale exquisitely contains enriching language, beautiful imagery, and a â€Å"wealth of description of characterization (Fowler14).† Chaucer’s opinion of the knight is positively supported by the outstandingly worthy and favored qualities that the knight posses. Through the selection of his story, the Knight displays a chivralic and romantic role in the medieval world. Chaucer is also known as the â€Å"father of English poetry†, for who so passionately loved his literature, made his love his work, and his work his last breath. Chaucer’s knight features the finest traits of honesty, loyalty, and generosity. The knight is shown as being handsomely designed and socially prominent, that may hint to Chaucer’s favor of the knight. Every pilgrim was honored to be in the presence of the knight, for they valued so much his humble and wise example. Chaucer’s positive opinion is widely shared and held by many other authors, literary critics, and mostly by the common reader. Even being the highest-ranking layman in the group, and maybe even the farthest traveled, the knight always was polite and mild fashion. The knight’s â€Å"rustic tunic of fustian and his plentiful attired horse (Rossignol198)† symbolized his active role in battle, solely against the heathens, which proves his dedication in fighting for God. When the Knight ends his tale with â€Å"God save al this faire campaignye(Chucer3108)†, that may emphasize Chaucer’s deliberate choice of words that express ye t another refined deed of his knight; by this he recognized the groups’ unity even though they were among different social classes and addresses everyone in his farewell. The knight never boasted about himself nor his battles â€Å"in far Granada at the siege [was he] of Algercias, and in Belmarie. ...

Power and Knowledge In Edward Said's Orientalism Essay

Power and Knowledge In Edward Said's Orientalism - Essay Example Basically, E. Said proposed to view the western policy towards the East as colonial, imperial discourse created by means of manipulating knowledge - that is why the problem of interrelation between knowledge and power in Said's work is very important. All in all, Edward Said's views may be called unique because he is not only interested in politics from a scientific viewpoint - he, in fact, makes politics use the results of research, that is - scientific knowledge. He clearly shows that he is far from both politicization of thinking and ensuring the "neutrality" of scientists. His intellectual is politicized, yet it happens not because he makes science a servant of politics, but - and this is important for the understanding of the scholar's system of beliefs - because politics for Said is the ally of science as far as the freedom of thinking and autonomy of scientific activity are concerned. The core of E. Said's approach is to de-crown the myth of Orientalism being a homogenous theory based on clearly defined concepts. According to him, Orientalism "is a style of thought based upon ontological and epistemological distinction made between 'the Orient' and (most of the time) 'the Occident'. Thus a very large mass of writers, among who are poet, novelists, philosophers, political theorists, economists, and imperial administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, 'mind', destiny, and so on". Said interprets events rather than openly states his opinion, and this certainly correlates with "the death of the author" theory proclaimed by post-modernism. The minimised role of author ensures the collision and interrelation between different, often polar opinions, in E. Said's Orientalism; and it is a great step towards "polylogic" knowledge as opposed to monologic. For Said, monologic knowledge is associated, above all, with the West, but at the same time with the Eastern counter-attack against this monologism using the same monologic principles. That is why, the western expansion towards the East, which is obviously the embodiment of power and domination, is inseparable from knowledge. Said proves that metaphysically, comprehension (the process of intellectual capturing) is related to occupation, and personal enrichment in the form of becoming more open-minded and widening of one's scope - to imperialistic ambitions of the West. My contention is that Orientalism is fundamentally a political doctrine willed over the Orient because the Orient was weaker than the West, which elided the Orient's difference with its weakness. . . . As a cultural apparatus Orientalism is all aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge (Said 1995, p. 204) It is not a coincidence that we mentioned Said's idea about the interrelations between science and politics. In his Orientalism, science, and at the first place the science that serves political needs of the country, is associated with the West, same as power. He therefore attempts to discover a complicated system of ties existing between science (knowledge) and power, and to show to what extent power may need knowledge, and at the same time to what extent knowledge may be a form of power. This

Carolingian Empire During The Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carolingian Empire During The Middle Ages - Essay Example Accordingly, this brief essay will attempt to consider the overall effects that the Carolingian Empire had o formulating the basic understandings of culture and statehood that eventually developed into our modern interpretation of France as it has existed for the past 1200 years. One of the preeminent problems with pre-Middle Ages Europe was that it was a highly tribalized and lacked any type of cohesion or unity after the collapse of the Roman Empire. The power vacuum that was created caused a litany of tribes to stake out territorial claims throughout the continent and beyond and seek to raise a form of society and individualized culture from out of these constructs.1 It was not until Charlemagne came long that a sense of cohesion was begun to be implemented by right of conquest within the tribes that now constitute modern day France. The dawn of the Carolingian Empire was of paramount importance to the formulation of a modern day understanding of France due to the fact that Charle magne and his progenitors were able to incorporate the use of a common language and religion among the areas and tribes they conquered. As any student of history knows, these two factors alone are powerful forms of congealing a given area into the idea that nationhood/statehood. In this way, Charlemagne, as one of the first actions of the Carolingian Empire, sought to congeal his grip on the territories in and around modern day France. One of these ways was to ensure that the encroachment of the Muslim Moors was stopped at the Battle of Tours. This event in and of itself was a massive victory for the definition of Christianity and statehood of the Frankish peoples. With respect to the subsequent Carolingian Renaissance, as historians have called it, the name itself is a bit of misnomer due to the fact that the Carolingian Renaissance did not have the far reaching societal effects that later European renaissances would have. Rather, the Carolingian Renaissance was almost entirely pre dicated on a restoration of the glory of the Roman Empire.2 Although this in itself was not necessarily a bad end to strive towards, the effect of the renaissance on enlightening the populace, changing social mores/norms, and giving way to higher and greater interpretation of art was severely constricted.3 The artistic developments during the period include the literary development of the Vulgate Bible, the development of Romanesque art and the illuminated manuscripts that were indicative of Byzantine iconoclasts (such as â€Å"Christ in Majesty† from the Aberdeen Bestiary), and the further development of distinctly Pre-Romanesque architecture in Europe (such as The Palatine Chapel in Aachen).4 What these three things have in common is the fact that each of them is merely a development of something that had previously existed; rather than a new interpretation of an old theme. In this way, the actual nature of the â€Å"Carolingian Renaissance† has been called into ques tion as compared with the later fuller renaissances that took place within Europe. Rather than seeking to propagate new styles and new ideas, the Carolingian Renaissance seemed to point backwards to a time of European history that was long gone yet still remembered fondly. Although the Carolingian Empire was a key determinate in establishing the idea of modern statehood within Europe, one could argue that as compared to the artistic expression and sociological

Features of Robot Design

Features of Robot Design ROBOT DESIGN Section 1 Requirements 1.1 Introduction Robot is a kind of automatic machine, which has particularly a series of similar competences as human-being, such as sensing capability, planning capability, moving capability and so on. The word ‘Robot was referred by Czech writer Karel ÄŒapek in his play R.U.R (Rossums Universal Robots), which was published in 1920. [1] Moreover, the word robotics, which describes this kind of field of study, was referred accidentally by the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. In his science fiction, all the robots must obey the Three Laws of Robotics (a set of three principles). The laws are stated as follows: 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. With the developing of science and technology of modern society, robot is moving toward the trend of the development of intelligent. The one we will design is called Autonomous Mobile Robot which is a kind of mobile robot. It has varieties of sensors and controllers on itself. In addition, it is a robot that can independently complete some tasks without external information input and control during operations. The target for autonomous mobile robot is to, in the absence of external intervention and without making any provisions on the circumstance and changing conditions in carrying out the process, sense around the local circumstance information continuously and make a variety of decision-making independently and finally move purposeful and the complete the tasks. Accordingly, navigation technology is the core of autonomous mobile robot. 1.2 Lifecycles The diagram of lifecycles for this project is given below. It shows from the beginning of the project to the end. The system project management is an extremely vital part in every project, though it is always ignored in many teams. We need make a point of doing project management before do everything. We could discuss in a group to think out all of the possibilities which may happen in the project. ‘Many torpedoes are better than a single bullet. [7] Therefore, a group discuss together may motivate more and more inspiration rather than each single thinks it alone. A typical system feature should have simple function but complex design. It need also make a series of requirements after discussing by group, because it provides some different point of views. Possibly, there will be some quarrels during the discussion, hence, we need to respect to everyone and every point of view. In addition, a straight discipline will be built throughout the project. Every engineer should behave in honest and ethically responsibility. Otherwise, they will not be treated as a professional engineer in their fie ld. Nearly half of team, who is failed in the project, is due to a bad project management. However, the majority of teams may give incomplete requirements in the project; therefore, the result for them is also fail. To sum up, building a high-quality project management and system engineering will decrease project failure probability. 1.3 Quality Plan The quality plan displays the required product qualities and how these are measured and defines the most important quality attributes. The product quality is defined in High-level which emphasize the capabilities of developers for this project. Therefore, we have to consider if the project objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-limited. The quality plan structure is showed in table 2. Process Description Build all of the motors, microcontrollers, sensors and other components on the housing. Then connect all components to the power supply. In addition, build the software code into microcontrollers. Finally, before the formal race, we need to test the robot and improve on the ability such as speed, stable and so on. Quality Goals To drive as fast as possible and also ensure the egg will not get out of the car. Table 2. Quality Plan Structure 1.4 Requirements specification There are a series of requirements going to be given in the paper. It can be grouped in terms of Mandatory, Preference and Operational. Three specific tables of these requirements are given as follows:  ·Mandatory Requirements Motor To make the wheels rotate. Designer need two motor corresponding with two rear wheels. Sensor To provide the robot drive on the right route. It uses A/D conversion to send the signal into singlechip. DC Converter To step-down the voltages from the power supply. The work voltage for singlechip is around 5V, but the power supply given is much higher than it. Hence, designer needs to reduce the voltage. Wheels To make the robot running. Designer need two rear wheels which measure the speed of rotating and one base wheel which makes the robot balance. It Microcontroller To integrate all inputs, outputs and memory etc. into one chip. Housing To put all components on. It is a base for the robot car. Power Supply To provide voltage so that works successfully. Wires To connect all components from one hole to another. Spoon To carry an egg whilst undertaking its journey. Black line To give the robot a track to race. The black line is 5 meter long. It can be designed any shape of routes.  ·Preference Requirements Aesthetic Appearance To prettify the robot from inside to outside. It will be done after dealing with all Hardware and Software components, including adding several Led lights or a sound box. Also, orderly wires connected on the breadboard will be considerate. All of the opinion above would make consumer happy. Battery To give a wireless robot car. Using a pack of battery instead of wired power supply can make a ‘real robot. However, it will increase the weight of robot itself.  ·Operational Requirement Personnel To distribute each part of project to each of six team member specially. In the project, there are different tasks such as programming design, hardware design, mechanical construction etc. After discussion by group, we can filter out the best parts of each section. Therefore, the project can be distributed to each team member who did the best in his field. In addition, there should be a team leader, for supervising and coordinating every part in this project. Test Equipment To test the robot after designing and assembling work. Designer can use different types of raceways to test the ability of the robot such as the maximum speed, minimum and maximum radius of turning circle etc. Facilities To fix the robot with exact tools. Designer needs some basic tools to assemble the components on the housing. Technical Data To give some specific details. Designer may search online to get some technical data, which can prove our design point. Computer Software To design the programming code. Using Microchip MPLAB(if designer use PIC microchip) or other similar software to build the programming code. Cost To control the budget. As we know, designer should give a budget before working. In this project, the budget is 40 pounds, while we can exceed the budget by paying own. However, it is not a good solution. Therefore, the budget should be controlled strictly. Section 2 Design 2.1 Design Outline We divide the design outline into two parts. One is Hardware, and the other is Software. Both of them are extremely vital in this project. We will use EE2A laboratory component to guide us design the project throughout. [8] All of the specific details for each component will be given in each part. A table for design outline is as follows: HARDWIRE Motor Housing Sensor Microcontroller Power Supply SOFTWARE MPLAB IDE 2.1.1 Hardware 2.1.1.1 Servo Control The key of Servo Control is motor. In this paper we will give two kinds of motors—Servo motor and Stepper motor.  ·Servo Motor: It is one kind of indirect subsidy motor speed changing device which can control the mechanical components of the engine running. It can control the speed, displacement accuracy. In addition, it makes voltage signal into torque and rotational speed to drive the controller. The servo motor is divided into DC servo motor and AC servo motor. Servo motor mainly relies on impulse to locate. Also, when servo motor receives a pulse, then it will rotate an angle which is corresponding to one pulse. Thus, it may achieve a displacement. Because of the servo motor has sent a pulse function itself, hence, each servo motor will sent the corresponding numbers of pulse when it rotates an angle. Moreover, it is connected to the pulse which is received by the servo motor, or called ‘Closed-loop. Furthermore, the system will know how many pulses have been sent and how many pulses have been received simultaneously. Accordingly, we can control the motor rotation accurately, in order to achieve precise positioning which can reach 0.001mm. In DC servo motor, it is divided into brush and brushless motors. The characteristics of brush motor and brushless motor are as follows: Brush: Low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, speed range is wide, easy control. Do need to maintain (but easy maintenance). Brushless: Small size, light weight, fast response, high speed, small inertia, smooth rotation, stable torque. Complicated control, easy to implement intelligence. High efficiency, low operating temperature, small electromagnetic radiation. Motor maintenance-free.  ·Stepper Motor: Stepper motor is an open-loop control element which translates electrical impulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement. Under the non-overload condition, motor speed and stop location only depend on pulse frequency and pulse number, regardless of the load change. That is, to send an electrical pulse signal, then turn one motor step angle. The existence of this kind of linear relationship, coupled with only a periodic error of stepper motors without the accumulated error, makes simple to control the stepper motor in terms of speed, position and other control areas. The characteristics of stepper motor are given as follows:  · Stepper motors are constant power devices When there is a motor speed increasing, then the torque decreases The torque curve may be extended by using current limiting drivers and expanding the driving voltage. Stepper motor has more vibration than any other motors. The vibration becomes awful at some speeds and may affect the motor to lose torque. The effect can be reduced by increasing velocity quickly through the problem speeds range, actually damping the system, or using a half-stepping motor. Motors with many phases also display smoother operation than those with fewer phases. The technical requirements of the servo control system 1. System Accuracy The accuracy refers to the reappearance of the input signal corresponding with the output of the precision required, which performs in the form of errors. It can be summarized as dynamic error, steady-state errors and static errors, which are composed of three aspects. 2. Stability The stability of the system means that when acting on the system after the disappearance of the interference, the system can be restored to its original steady-state capacity; or when there is a new input to the system command, the system will reach a new stable operation of state capacity. 3. Response The response refers to the output follow the input commands changing in reaction speed, which determines the efficiency of the system. The Response speed corresponds with a number of factors, such as the computers speed, movement system damping and quality etc. 4. Operating Frequency The operating frequency usually refers to the system which allows the input signal frequency range. When the operating frequency signal is input, the system will work according to the technical requirements, while the other frequency signal is input, the system will not work properly. The classifying of servo control system There are three kinds of common classifying as follows: 1. According to the different characteristics of parameters. 2. According to the types of the driving components. 3. According to the control theory. The Structure of servo control system Servo control system typically includes in five partscontroller, controlled object, implementation part, testing part and comparison part. 1. Controller Controller is usually a computer or a PID control circuit. The most important task is to compare the warpage output signal and deal with the transform processing, in order to control the implemental components act under the requirements. 2. controlled object The object is controlled including displacement, velocity, acceleration, force and torque. 3. implementation part The function of the implementation part is in term of control signals, according to the requirements of the various forms energy of the input transform into mechanical energy, in order to drive the controlled object. 4. testing part Testing part is a device which is able to measure the output and convert into more areas of the dimension that needed to. Typically, it includes sensors and conversion circuits. 5. comparison part Comparison part is to compare between the input command signals and the feedback signals of system, in order to attain the deviation between the output and input signal, which is usually achieved by a specific circuit or computers. Accordingly, we design this project with using stepper motor. Considering with the difficult in doing the program code, we have to give up using DC servo motor. Moreover, DC servo motor may create some pulses when it works; we have to make each program separately. Furthermore, the advantage for using stepper motor is that we have already programmed the code. Hence, we could use it with some modification easily. 2.1.1.2 Housing In this project, housing is as to the robot, just like trunk as to human-being. The stability and adaptability is the key of the project. Therefore, we prefer buy a readymade housing or the car online. There are 3 advantages for using this method. Firstly, we do not need to deal with the mechanical construction anymore. All of the basic components have already been built on the housing model. It can save an amount of time to do other work; secondly, the housing model is reliable, for the seller has sold so many models already, particularly to the competitors for the race; thirdly, the cost is lower than we do it ourselves. It can control the budget very well. To sum up, we choose this way to get the housing. In addition, the specific size of each component should be given on the prospectus. Therefore, after choosing kinds of different type of housing, we pick up an advanced housing with wheels. The size of wheels could affect the speed and the angle when it is driving. Under the same condition, using big wheels can go fast in the straight line. However, when there is a curve at the end of straight line, it is harder to turn the right direction immediately than small size wheels, because of its big radius of turning circle. The material of wheels could also affect the speed and angle when it is driving. Using plastic rear wheel may provide a high speed because of less friction. However, without more friction, it may get trouble at turning point with high angular velocity. In our case, to make sure the robot go through the black line track is the most important task. Therefore, rubber wheels should be in favour. Hence, to make wheels rotate flexible, we choose a stainless steel base wheel with 3mm inter radius, 10mm outer radius, 4mm thickness. Moreover, two rear wheels were designed with 20mm radius to make sure it has still some space under the housing to build our sensors on. According, the manufactory constructed the housing for these details we need. Finally, we fix two O-type rubber rings on the wheels. In the front of the housing, we still need to deal with some specific works. Firstly, we need two stepper motors discussed before, the point is, how to fix them on the housing steady. Right, we need two clips to fix them on the housing. Then use one screw and one nut for each side to fix the motor steady. Secondly, to make the housing tidy, we need to add a steel plate. It can not only steady the housing, but also provide another new flat to fix chips on so that do the connection work later easier. Furthermore, we have another goal in this project. It is called ‘egg race. It means we must build a spoon provided to carry an egg throughout the race. Hence, we have to consider how to ensure the egg will not be dropped off. Consequently, we design it that put the spoon on the cover of that added steel plate. It is a good place to lay the egg on, for it is not too high. In addition, we could add several wires around the spoon to double ensure it successfully. 2.1.1.3 Sensors Image Sensor An image sensor is a device which converts an optical image to an electric signal. It is used regularly in digital cameras and other imaging devices. Normally, an image sensor is a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active-pixel sensor. Most digital still cameras use either a CCD image sensor or a CMOS sensor. Both types of sensor achieve the same task of capturing light and converting it into electrical signals. [2] CMOS A CMOS chip is a type of active pixel sensor which is made by using the CMOS semiconductor method. Extra circuitry adjacent to each image sensor converts the light energy to a voltage. Moreover circuitry on the chip might be included to convert the voltage to digital data. It is a sensor which has high system integration. That is to say, a CMOS chip can integrate all of functions needed by image sensor into a system-on-chip so that to achieve the goal of reducing the cost of the production. CCD A CCD is an analog device. When light hits the chip, it is held like a small electrical charge in each photoelectric sensor. The charges are converted to voltage one pixel every time when they are read from the chip. Moreover, the circuitry in the camera converts the voltage into digital data too. A CCD has a series of advantages as follows:  · High Resolution  · Low Noise  · High Dynamic Range  · Linearity  · High Quantum Efficiency  · Large Field of View  · Broad Spectral Response  · Low Image Distortion  · Small Size, Light Weight  · Low Consume Power, Without Strong Magnetic Fields Effect  · High Charge Transmission Photoelectric sensor A photoelectric sensor is a device used to detect the displacement, absence, or presence of an object by using an infrared transmitter and a photoelectric receiver. They are used broadly in industrial manufacturing. There are three different functional types: opposed, retro reflective, and proximity-sensing. A self-contained photoelectric sensor contains the optics, along with the electronics. It requires only a power source. The sensor performs its own modulation, demodulation, amplification, and output switching. Some self-contained sensors provide such options as built-in control timers or counters. Because of hi-tech progress, self-contained photoelectric sensors have become more and more small. In addition, fibre optic is passive mechanical sensing components. They may be used with self-contained sensors. They have no electrical circuitry and no moving parts, and can safely pipe light into and out of antagonistic environments.[3] After discussing both image sensor and photoelectric sensor, we decide to use photoelectric sensor during the project. From the comparison of advantages and disadvantages, we can easily find that image sensor (usually use CCD method) is a complicated and advanced technology. It is based on photoelectric infrared transmitter and receiver, but use analogue signal to digital signal. It could be used in some complex task such as 3-D race track. In our project, we only challenge to do up to 5 meters race track. Hence, it is not so much useful to get such an exact detection. Moreover, one of the advantages of photoelectric sensor is high response. It is faster than using image sensor to detect the unknown track. Accordingly, we prefer use photoelectric infrared sensor during the project. As we know, the point of photoelectric infrared sensor is infrared. We have to confirm two beside sensors do not disturb each other work. Hence, to get an appropriate distance between two sensors is the problem in this part. From reading several example projects before, we find a majority of them prefer put all the sensors into one straight line where elicits our attention. It does not matter to put them in front or back of the robot. It is similar to the X-axis. We can define each sensor a coordinate. We prefer use seven infrared sensors (1cm space between two sensors), so we can define all of these sensors into [-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3], which are the y-coordinate. Connect a LED light to the receiver of each sensor. Thus, we can know which sensor is working and which one is not. The specific diagram of sensors are showed in 1. For example, the robot starts at the centre of black line, so the LEDs should send us a data with [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0] (when sensor detects black line, the LED will light. Because the different reflectivity of black and white line). Then it will go along the track until meet a turning point. The receiver might be received a data with [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]. Thus, from the defin ition of setting before, we can identify the robot has departed from the centre of the black line to left. Therefore, the robot should turn left. There will be some possible troubles during debugging the robot car. The sensors are not reliable after using for a long time. Therefore, the fixed LEDs will solve this problem definitely. When they work, the LEDs should be lighted. 2.1.1.4 Microcontroller A Microcontroller is a small computer based on a single IC (integrated circuit) which is consisting of a relative simple central processor unit combined with specific functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, and watchdog timer etc. [4] From the comparison with kinds of microcontroller, we choose MC33886 chip which is a member of the low-cost, high-performance HCS08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). It is a monolithic H-Bridge ideal for fractional horsepower DC-motor and bi-directional thrust solenoid control. The 33886 chip is able to control continuous inductive DC load currents up to 5.0 A. Output loads can be pulse width modulated (PWM-ed)at frequencies up to 10 kHz.[5] The 33886 chip is parametrically detailed over a temperature range of -40 °C ≠¤ TA ≠¤ 125 °C, 5.0 V ≠¤ V+ ≠¤ 28 V. The IC can also be operated up to 40 V with derating of the specifications. The IC is available in a surface mount power package with uncovered pad for heat sinking. The features of MC33886 chip is showed below: [6] Features:  · Similar to the MC33186DH1 with Enhanced Features  · 5.0 V to 40 V Continuous Operation  · 120 mÃŽ © RDS(ON) H-Bridge MOSFETs  · TTL /CMOS Compatible Inputs  · PWM Frequencies up to 10 kHz  · Active Current Limiting via Internal Constant OFF-Time PWM (with Temperature-Dependent Threshold Reduction)  · Output Short Circuit Protection  · Under voltage Shutdown  · Fault Status Reporting  · Pb-Free Packaging Designated by Suffix Code VW In addition, the simplified application diagram and internal block diagram for MC33886 chip is given as follows: The 33886 chip has 20 pins. The diagram and specific Pin Layout function description will be given in 4 and table 1 as follow: Pin Layout Pin Layout Name Formal Name Description 1 AGND Analog Ground Low-current analog signal ground. 2 FS Fault Status for H-Bridge Open drain active Low Fault Status output requiring a pull-up resistor to 5.0 V. 3 IN1 Logic Input Control 1 True logic input control of OUT1 4, 5, 16 V+ Positive Power Supply Positive supply connections. 6, 7 OUT1 H-Bridge Output1 Output 1 of H-Bridge. 8, 20 DNC Do Not Connect Either do not connect or connect these pins to ground in the application. They are test mode pins used in manufacturing only. 9, 10, 11, 12 PGND Power Ground Device high-current power ground. 13 D2 Disable 2 Active Low input used to simultaneously tri-state disable both H-Bridge outputs. When D2 is logic Low, both outputs are tri-stated. 14, 15 OUT2 H-Bridge Output 2 Output 2 of H-Bridge. 17 CCP Charge Pump Capacitor External reservoir capacitor connection for internal charge pump capacitor. 18 D1 Disable 1 Active High input used to simultaneously tri-state disable both H-Bridge outputs. When D1 is logic High, both outputs are tri-stated. 19 IN2 Logic Input Control 2 True logic input control of OUT2 Table 1. Pin Layout Function Definition Some details for using the MC33886 chip should be noticed that how to use several chips together in this project. The method is using a number of MC33886 chips together in parallel. For there is no need to drive backward, hence, we could use half H-bridge and also make two half H-bridge in parallel. The consequence for this method is to enhance the driving ability of the chips. It is a common variation from full H-bridge that uses two transistors on one side of the load. Moreover, use one of the half H-bridge to drive the motor and the other one to provide power for the sensors. 2.1.1.5 Power Supply Power supply is one of the most important components and the fundament for all components working. A regulated DC power supply provides 0~15 V voltage. There are two different way to build the power supply in this project. One is using two wires to connect 0 and +15V to the DC-DC converter; the other one is building a battery on the robot itself. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we have to analyze both of them first.  · Wired Power supply The advantages for the wired power supply are reliable, stable, durable and savable. The power supply is a regulated DC power supply. The only thing we need to do is using wires to connect both 0 and +15V to the DC-DC converter. Because the working voltage for whatever microcontroller, sensors and stepping motors is 5 volts, we need a DC-DC converter to convert voltage from 15V to 5V. Moreover, we do not need to consider the duration of the power supply. It will still work normally even if works after several hours. Furthermore, using wired power supply is an excellent method to consider the cost during the project, for the power supply is a preference requirement in this project. Hence, we do not need to cost a lot on it. The disadvantage for the wired power supply is obviously wired. We have to let one person hold wires when it is driving. This is a consideration from personnel aspect. It is a waste of energy to the team.  · Wireless Power Supply The advantage for the wireless power supply is that we can design a really autonomous robot. We do not need to contribute one person to look after it. However, we may meet a series of problems when using battery. Firstly, it may increase the weight of whole robot. As we know, it is hard to turn left or right when you drive a high weight car. It is similar to an autonomous robot. Secondly, the duration is limited. For we have to test the robot before the race competition, the problem is how long does this pack of battery provide the power. The answer is not too long. Therefore, if we choose to use battery as the power supply, we have to solve how to charge the battery first. To sum up, it is not a good method to use battery in this project. Basically, we consider from the duration and the cost these two aspects. Accordingly, the final scheme we designed is to use wired power supply. 2.1.2 Software Because we do not have MC33886 chip yet, we have to use PIC 16F648A chip to simulate this design. It should be kinds of similar to each other, but particularly in using different software. With the purpose of writing program data into a PIC chip, a software programmer is required. In the design, a USB controlled PICkit2 may be used. We will give following steps to guild us through the generation of the programme. Moreover, make sure retain a simple ‘debug programme in order to exercise any hardware, such as a simple flashing LED. There are a series steps to help us how to program the device. We pick them up from the laboratory notes.[8] 1. Connect the PICkit2 Microcontroller Programmer to the PC by using the USB cable. Socket the 6-pin header on the bread board or frankly on to the hardware (for in-circuit programming). 2. Start MPLAB IDE from the shortcut icon on the desktop, or the Start menu. In addition, check the version number is MPLAB IDE v7.62 or above. 3. From the MPLAB IDE menu bar, select Project > Project Wizard†¦ 4. It opens up the Project Wizard. Click Next to continue. 5. Wizard Step One: The laboratory project target device is the PIC 16F648A (Which we will give an example in the next section). In the wizard, select the ‘PIC 16F648A from the drop-down box and click next. 6. Wizard Step Two: select the use of the ‘CSSC Compiler for PIC12/14/16/18 for the project language tool suite from the Active Tool suite drop-down box. We should browse so as to discover the location of the files on the hard disk. Then Click Next and continue. 7. Wizard Step Three: Name the project and select a directory. Then Click Next. 8. Wizard Step Four: There is possible that we want to add a file which has been written previously. The file tree view box on the left should already be prolonged to the project directory. Select the file which we want to add and click the ‘Add >> button to add it to the project. Since the project directory is the same as the file directory, there is no need to check the box to copy it. Then Click Next when done. 9. Wizard Summary: Click the Finish button. A new page and project are created in the MPLAB IDE. The new page includes information on the selected PIC MCU device, the active programmer and/or debugger, open windows and their location, and other IDE configuration settings. The page is also related with a ‘project, which includes the files which are needed to build an application (source code, include files, linker scripts and so on.) along with associated language (co

Debts of Good Will and Interpersonal Justice :: Sociology Sociological Papers

Debts of Good Will and Interpersonal Justice ABSTRACT: A debt of good will (utang na loob in Filipino) is incurred when a person becomes the beneficiary of significant assistance or favor given by another. Usually, the beneficiary is in acute need of the assistance given or favor granted. This provides an opportunity for the giving of help to serve as a vehicle for the expression of sympathy or concern. The debt could then be appreciated as one of good will because, by catering to another person's pressing need, the benefactor is able to express positive dispositions towards the beneficiary. It is not merely the receipt of the assistance or favor that puts the recipient in a position of indebtedness. The indebtedness is created by the benefactor's kagandahang loob (good will). An act can be considered to convey kagandahang loob only if it is done out of kusang loob (roughly, free will); and can only be considered to have been done out of kusang loob if the agent (1) is not acting under external compulsion, (2) is motivated by p ositive feelings (e.g. charity, love or sympathy) towards the beneficiary, and (3) is not motivated by the anticipation of reward. These conditions entail debt-of-good-will relationships where the benefactor has no right to demand reciprocity but the beneficiary has a "self-imposed" obligation to repay kagandahang loob with kagandahang loob. Debts of good will are about some forms of justice. But we should not reduce all talk about debts of good will to talk about justice. Debts of gratitude are, in general, incurred by people who receive help or favors from others. But to say that a person has a debt of gratitude is not merely to say that he should be thankful for the assistance given. The indebtedness concerned is not confined to actual benefits received. In recognizing a debt of gratitude, one also recognizes the good will manifested by the benefactor in providing assistance or granting a favor. For this reason, this paper refers to "debts of good will" instead of "debts of gratitude." The contention is that the former terminology focuses attention on important features of the concept that the words "debt of gratitude" fail to capture. Another reason for the use of the preferred term in this paper is that the equivalent of "good will" in the Filipino language – kagandahang loob – has an important significance in related ethical theory.

Marketing Test Questions

1. The promotional mix is the combination of promotional tools used to reach the target market and fulfill the organization's overall goals. a. True b. False 2. When a marketer sends a message to the target market, the marketer must first decode the symbols used. c. True d. False 3. Even though a message is received, it will not necessarily be properly decoded; receivers interpret messages based on their own frames of reference. e. True f. False 4. All promotions are designed to either inform, persuade, or reinforce the target audience. g. True h. False 5.The promotional mix consists of: i. advertising, publicity, direct marketing, and personal selling j. public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, and publicity k. product, promotion, price, and place l. advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations m. advertising, telemarketing, public relations, and sales promotions 6. Which of the following statements about advertising is true? n. The total costs o f advertising are typically low. o. The signs on the outsides of buses and taxis are not a form of advertising. p.The cost per contact in advertising is low. q. Innovative media are not used in advertising. r. Advertising is any form of communication in which the sponsor is identified. 7. Public information (that the company did not pay for) about a company, good, or service appearing in the mass media as a news item is: s. personal selling t. advertising u. mass communications v. publicity w. sales promotion 8. _____ consists of all marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchasing such as coupons, contests, free samples, and trade shows. x. Sales promotion y. Publicity . Personal Selling {. Advertising |. Sponsorship 9. In 2006, GM unveiled a GM Fuel Price Protection Program that caps the per-gallon price consumers pay for gas at $1. 99 when they purchase select 2006 and 2007 GM full-size utility and mid-size cars. This is an example of _____ designed to stimulate consumer b uying. }. A sales promotion ~. A public relations activity . Advertising . An implicit communication . Personal selling 10. Communication to large audiences, usually through a medium such as television or a newspaper, is called _____ communication. . Feedback-proof Referential . Interpersonal . Mass . Public 11. The communication process consists of: . Message, media, and transmittal . Source, receiver, and channel . Sender, receiver, and message . Encoding, decoding, channel, sender, receiver, noise, and feedback . Comprehension, noise, and feedback 12. _____ is the conversion of the sender's ideas and thoughts into a message. . Decoding . Envelopment . Processing . Development . Encoding 13. _____ is anything that interferes with, distorts, or slows the transmission of information. . Media communication . Feedback Static . Nonpersonal communication . Noise 14. Advertising competes for two things. These two things are: . ________________b. _________________ 15. There are three typ es of Product Advertising. They are: . ________________b. _________________ c. ___________________ 16. _____ sales promotions are targeted toward the ultimate end-user market. . Facilitating . Intermediary . Pull . Consumer . Trade 17. _____ advertising is used to keep a familiar brand name in the public's mind and to refresh the consumers on the brand’s uses, characteristics, and benefits. Advocacy . Pioneer . Reinforcement . Reminder . Comparative 18. In class we briefly talked about an acronym used in discussions about promotions. The acronym, AIDA, stands for: . Attitude-Interest-Demand-Activity . Attention-Interest-Desire-Action . Awareness-Intent-Demand-Action . Avoidance-Interest-Desire-Acceptance . Attitudes-In-Developing-Acquisitions 19. A manufacturer using the _____ promotional strategy focuses its promotional efforts on the consumer. . Reinforcement . Personal selling . Push . Pull . Kinetic 20.Firms that adopt a push promotion strategy focus their message at inte rmediaries in order to get them to carry the product, rather than at the end consumer. . True . False 21. Comparative advertising is: . like a mirror because it compares all negative and positive features of both products . like a shotgun in that it compares multiple features of two products . like a rifle in that it only compares a single benefit or advantage . only used by companies at the highest level of the pyramid of corporate responsibility . sed to compare two or more competing brands on one or more specific attributes. 22. Aston Martin is a common brand of car driven by the British agent James Bond. Aston Martin paid to have its vehicle featured in these movies. This is an example of: . Advertising . A sales promotion . Paid-for public relations . Product placement . Lobbying 23. In a 2008 movie starring the hilarious Jim Carrey, Red Bull was reference multiple times. This is another example of _______________ and _________________ is the movie’s title. . Advertising and Dumb and Dumber . Puffery and How the Grinch Stole Christmas Customer deceit and The Cable Guy . Product placement and Yes Man . Product placement and Liar Liar 24. Which of the following is not an element of the marketing mix. . Product . Place . Primary Demand . Promotion . Price 25. One of the purposes of promotion is to stimulate demand. What are they? . __________________b. ____________________ 26. This type of demand focuses on making potential customers aware of the general product category. . __________________ 27. This type of demand focuses on making potential customers aware of specific benefits provided by a particular brand/product. ___________________ 28. Based on the results from a recent study, and posted in an article on cnet. com, advertising revenue from Google for the first 6 months of 2012 exceeded that of print media. According to this study, Google brought in how much revenue from ads for this period? . ___________________ 29. Both advertising and public relations (PR) are types of non-personal communication. However, the main difference is advertising is _____________ whereas PR is ________________. 30. According to the course syllabus, Exam #4 is scheduled for what day? . _____________________